REfranchise · UK master-operator proposal · Edinburgh pilot · Submitted to TAO BIN HQ

Premium beverages,
everywhere coffee shops aren't.

REfranchise is a UK operator partnership built to bring TAO BIN's Flying Turtle platform — a 1m² automated barista serving 180+ freshly made drinks, 24/7 — into the UK's after-hours economy. We're targeting the venues coffee shops can't cover: hospitals, universities, transport hubs and residential schemes that currently leave demand on the table.

0
UK cups of coffee consumed daily
British Coffee Association
0
UK workers usually working evenings or nights
ONS, 2022 — 27% of the workforce
0
Revenue-generating TAO BIN machines
End-2024, Forth Smart Service PCL
0
Cups served by TAO BIN in 2024
Forth Smart Service PCL filing
01 · The Opportunity

Premium drink demand stays high after the cafés close.

UK coffee consumption is structurally enormous, but access collapses outside normal trading hours. That gap is where Flying Turtle wins — not by re-fighting the saturated coffee-to-go market, but by anchoring in venues with predictable people, extended hours, and weak after-hours alternatives.

“27% of the UK workforce — around 8.7 million people — usually work evenings or nights. Night-time work is concentrated in human health and social work, accommodation and food services, and transport and storage.”

— Office for National Statistics, The night-time economy, UK: 2022

Where night-time work lives

Sectors with the largest share of UK night-time workers
£5.3B
UK branded coffee shop market — 10,199 outlets, average 12oz latte £3.51
World Coffee Portal · Project Café UK 2024
29,900
UK coffee-to-go machine base in 2024 · £648m product revenue · £2.81 weighted ASP
AVA 2024 Census & Market Report
90%
Pay-vend machines fitted with cashless · 80% of transactions are now cashless
AVA, 2025
The gap, in one line

Demand is high. Café access is low after hours. The unattended market already proves consumers will pay £2.81 weighted average for a vended drink — leaving a clear pricing window for a better machine offering breadth, freshness, and 24/7 uptime.

02 · UK Pricing Anchor

Premium positioning — without café prices.

At a £2.70–£2.75 average ticket, Flying Turtle prices below the £3.51 12oz café latte but squarely within the unattended-premium territory the UK consumer already accepts.

Sources: World Coffee Portal (2024), AVA (2025). Flying Turtle benchmark from this proposal’s base case.

03 · The Product

A robotic barista in 1m².

Flying Turtle isn’t a vending machine. It’s a compact, automated beverage platform built for trust-sensitive, always-on environments — with hygiene and telemetry engineered in.

  • 180+

    Drinks per machine

    Hot, cold, blended, carbonated, and non-carbonated. Sweetness, shots, and toppings customisable per cup.

  • 1 m²

    Footprint & power

    W100 × L90 × H190 cm. Standard 240V/10A. Drops into a hospital corridor, university foyer, or transport concourse with no host fit-out.

  • UV · RO

    Hygiene engineered in

    Reverse-osmosis water, UV sterilisation, in-machine ice production, and automatic cleaning cycles after each cup.

  • IoT

    Telemetry-driven ops

    Live restocking and fault alerts, autonomous troubleshooting, loyalty hooks, route-density optimised for <30-min service per 400 cups.

  • 24/7

    Always-on uptime

    The proposition only works if the machine is awake when the café isn’t. That’s the entire thesis.

  • Tap

    Cashless-first

    32-inch touchscreen, multi-rail payments, mobile and contactless — fully aligned with UK vending behaviour (80% cashless).

04 · International Proof

From 546 machines to 7,150 in three years.

TAO BIN’s scaling curve in Thailand is the strongest signal that the underlying platform — not just the product — is built for territory-level rollout. The challenge isn’t whether the model works. It’s execution discipline at country scale.

TAO BIN growth — machines, cups, and revenue

2021–2024 · Forth Corporation investor disclosures & SEC filings
250,000
drinks served per day across the TAO BIN fleet
Monocle, My Life as a Vending Machine
1,975 M฿
2024 sales (post-upgrade pullback) — recovery underway
Forth Smart Service 2024 MD&A
1,000+
machines per territory — TAO BIN's own benchmark for international partners
tao-bin.com · International Expansion
05 · Edinburgh Site Strategy

Win where vending is weak, not where it’s saturated.

AVA reports prime coffee-to-go locations are already saturated and new installs are drifting into lower-footfall sites. We are deliberately not chasing those forecourts. Our pilot anchors in venues with three traits: predictable population, extended hours, weak after-hours access.

Hospitals & NHS sites

Night staff, visitors, 24/7 demand, trust-sensitive — exactly where UV/RO/automated cleaning differentiate.

Universities & student housing

Edinburgh has 60,000+ students across multiple campuses, late library hours, and accommodation clusters with no in-block beverage option.

Transport hubs

Waverley, Haymarket, Edinburgh Airport — long dwell times, peaks outside café hours, captured audience.

Logistics & large residential

Distribution depots, build-to-rent and PRS schemes, hotel back-of-house — predictable shift patterns, weak retail nearby.

Why Edinburgh first

  • Density without saturation. Compact city centre with multiple high-quality clusters within a 6km radius — making route operations economic from day one.
  • Three universities, two hospitals, one international airport. Every priority venue type is represented within a single operating territory.
  • Year-round footfall. Festival season layers tourist demand on top of a stable resident and student base.
  • Local execution. Founding team is on the ground in Edinburgh — site visits, host conversations, and host approvals run faster.

What we will not do

  • Chase petrol forecourts and convenience retail where Costa Express and Nescafé already dominate.
  • Scatter machines thinly across the UK before route economics are proven in one cluster.
  • Accept any site under 50 cups/day without a strategic seeding rationale.
  • Compete on coffee alone — the entire thesis depends on menu breadth and hours.
06 · Unit Economics

The economics live or die at ~50 cups/day.

Move the sliders. The model uses TAO BIN’s own 50-cups/day site viability benchmark. Below it, contribution is thin. Above it, the unit becomes meaningful and the rollout becomes financeable.

£2.00£3.50
25%45%
0%25%
0.5%3%
£500£1,200
Monthly contribution at 25 cups/day
Monthly contribution at 50 cups/day
TAO BIN site-viability benchmark
Monthly contribution at 100 cups/day

Contribution is per machine, before capex, head-office overhead and tax. Base case used in the UK proposal: £2.75 ASP · 35% COGS · 15% commission · 1.5% payment · £750 ops.

07 · Phased Rollout

One cluster proven before any new cluster opens.

  1. Phase 1

    Pilot · Edinburgh cluster

    Months 0–9 · 10–20 machines
    • Anchor in 1–2 NHS sites, 1 transport hub, 2 university zones, 1 large residential scheme.
    • Track uptime, cups/day, repeat purchase, gross margin, complaint rate, redeployment speed.
    • Hard rule: any machine under 50 cups/day for 8 consecutive weeks is redeployed.
  2. Phase 2

    Scale · Central Belt density

    Months 9–24 · target 60–120 machines
    • Extend to Glasgow, Stirling, Dundee. Central Belt route operations become economic.
    • Procurement leverage on cups, milk, ingredients. Standardised spares pipeline live.
    • Begin corporate-credit pilots in NHS staff and university accommodation contexts.
  3. Phase 3

    National · Master-operator footprint

    Year 2+ · pathway to 1,000+ machines
    • Regional sub-operators under unified compliance, telemetry, and brand standards.
    • Category extension: branded activations, loyalty integration, optional adjacencies.
    • Targeting TAO BIN’s own 1,000+ machines/territory threshold for international partners.
08 · Compliance & Risk

UK readiness is a workstream, not a footnote.

Regulatory complexity is one of the most common reasons international vending plays under-perform in the UK. We are treating it as a first-class workstream from day one.

Food Standards Agency registration

Each operating premise registered ≥28 days before trading. Allergen UI built into the touchscreen — non-prepacked drinks scope.

UKCA marking & electrical safety

Conformity documentation supplied by HQ; site sign-off and 240V/10A install validation handled locally.

EPR / DRS readiness

Flexible cup & lid sourcing, clear waste responsibilities with hosts, financial buffer for evolving levies.

Operational risk discipline

Telemetry-led servicing, <30-minute service per 400 cups, redeployment trigger at sub-threshold sites.

09 · Meet REfranchise

Two founders, two markets, one operating discipline.

REfranchise is built by an Edinburgh-based operations & compliance lead and a Bangkok-based stakeholder & project lead — exactly the two-sided coverage required to run a UK rollout while keeping a clear, fluent line into TAO BIN HQ in Thailand.

Erim Apaydın

Co-founder · UK Operations & Compliance
Edinburgh, UK · New York, NY

Operations Coordinator at Continental Industries Group in New York, where I act as central point of contact for international trade transactions across import, export, and third-country flows — turning counterparty profiles, transaction economics and exposure analysis into structured memos for management sign-off, and designing the Power Automate workflows that integrate logistics, finance and procurement data. I bring REfranchise the operational discipline, compliance fluency, and Edinburgh ground game.

Education
  • University of Edinburgh — MA (Hons) International Relations & International Law · GPA 3.9/4.0
  • Columbia University SPS — Graduate Certificate, Critical Issues in IR · GPA 4.0/4.0
Selected leadership
  • Lawyers Without Borders, Edinburgh — President. Edited a 129-page research publication; led 20+ researchers.
  • 180 Degrees Consulting — Consultant. Cross-region market & stakeholder research informing a non-profit's 2025 strategy.
  • Citizens Advice Scotland — Legal-triage trainee. 50+ client intakes; cut wait time 10%, lifted satisfaction 15%.
  • Saltire Award (Scottish Govt.) — Founded the Syrian Teenager Tutoring Programme. 2× Edinburgh Award recipient.
  • Operations & compliance
  • Power Automate & Excel (advanced)
  • Vendor & counterparty management
  • Edinburgh on the ground
  • Turkish · English · Spanish (B2)

Ramida “Ramie” Hansaward

Co-founder · Asia Liaison & Stakeholder Lead
Bangkok, Thailand

Project Coordinator at the Thailand Development Research Institute, running timelines and inter-agency coordination across 41 activities and translating technical material between Thai and international stakeholders. I bring REfranchise the direct Bangkok stakeholder access, fluent Thai-English translation, and the cross-cultural project management to keep the relationship with TAO BIN HQ moving — fast, clear, and culturally fluent.

Education
  • Chulalongkorn University — BA Politics & Global Studies, First Class Honours · GPAX 3.74/4.0
  • The University of Queensland — Bachelor of Social Sciences, Major in Development
Selected leadership
  • TDRI — Project Coordinator on a natural-capital accounting project; sped implementation by 30% across 41 activities.
  • AIESEC at Chulalongkorn — VP, Member Experience. Led 15-person dept., 77% retention, +60% engagement, 7.9/10 satisfaction.
  • Royal Thai Consulate-General, Los Angeles — All-departments intern. Streamlined visa & passport service operations.
  • Project & stakeholder management
  • Bangkok HQ liaison
  • Thai · English · Korean · Spanish
  • Cross-cultural translation
  • Notion · Trello · Microsoft 365
Coverage by design Edinburgh ↔ Bangkok

One co-founder embedded in the UK operating market. One co-founder embedded in TAO BIN's home market. Both routes always live.

Working since Feb 2026

Weekly cadence across BKK / GMT, structured docs, and a shared task system already operating in production.

What we still need HQ partnership

Equipment, brand alignment, and clarity on the commercial structure — see The Ask, below.

10 · The Ask

A UK master-operator partnership, anchored in Edinburgh.

REfranchise is proposing a structure consistent with TAO BIN's stated international preference and with Forth's prior overseas joint ventures — exclusive territory rights, performance-gated rollout, and a kiosk-supply / revenue-share economic model.

What REfranchise brings

  • A UK operator partnership with on-the-ground founders in Edinburgh and Bangkok.
  • Disciplined site selection & route operations against the 50 cups/day benchmark.
  • Compliance workstream: FSA, UKCA, allergen UI, EPR/DRS readiness from week one.
  • Pilot capital and a credible path to the 1,000-machine territory threshold.

What we’re asking from HQ

  • Exclusive UK (or Scotland-first) operating rights with clear performance milestones.
  • Equipment supply, spare-parts pipeline, and technical/QA standards aligned with the brand’s hygiene narrative.
  • UK localisation support: payments rails, allergen-display content, compliant packaging guidance.
  • Clarity on commercial model — JV vs operator-partner vs distributor — and on the position of the existing UK entity.

Open questions for HQ

Are you open to a UK pilot, or only territory partners operating at meaningful scale?
What does your existing UK structure currently represent — live operator, placeholder, or expansion vehicle?
What commercial model are you seeking: operator, JV, master territory partner, or distributor?
Who handles servicing, spare parts, installation, staff training, and fault response?
Can ingredients, cups, and consumables be localised in the UK, or must they be sourced from HQ?
What scale, exclusivity, and rollout commitments would you expect from a UK partner?